Assessing the Readiness of Augmented Reality for Industrial Assembly: A Deployment Study Comparing Immersive and Non-Immersive Solutions

Abstract

Integrating augmented reality (AR) into industrial assembly processes has great potential, yet most studies use simplified lab tasks and rarely benchmark AR against commercial systems, limiting their industrial relevance. To address this gap, we present a comparative study of immersive AR and non-immersive touchscreen-based assembly support systems on a manufacturing shop floor, with 16 participants assembling two industry-grade assets of different complexity. The results reveal that while AR’s immersive capabilities excelled in spatial guidance for complex tasks, the simplicity and reliability of the touchscreen interface proved more effective for simple assemblies. We derive three design implications for deployment practice.

BibTeX

				
					@ARTICLE{11457926,
  author={Tu, Xinyi and Hartmann, Benedikt and Kristensson, Per Ola and Liu, John and Bohné, Thomas and Tadeja, Sławomir K.},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics}, 
  title={Assessing the Readiness of Augmented Reality for Industrial Assembly: A Deployment Study Comparing Immersive and Non-Immersive Solutions}, 
  year={2026},
  volume={},
  number={},
  pages={1-11},
  keywords={Assembly;Three-dimensional displays;Solid modeling;Manufacturing;Visualization;Biological system modeling;Accuracy;Real-time systems;Manuals;Complexity theory;Augmented reality;AR;manual assembly;industrial deployment;augmented reality guidelines},
  doi={10.1109/TVCG.2026.3679125}}

				
			
APA Reference

X. Tu, B. Hartmann, P. O. Kristensson, J. Liu, T. Bohné and S. K. Tadeja, “Assessing the Readiness of Augmented Reality for Industrial Assembly: A Deployment Study Comparing Immersive and Non-Immersive Solutions,” in IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, doi: 10.1109/TVCG.2026.3679125

Cyber-human Lab Contributors

Dr Sławomir Tadeja

Dr Slawomir K. Tadeja is a Postdoctoral Associate with the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Here, he works...

Prof. Thomas Bohné

Thomas Bohné is the founder and head of the Cyber-Human Lab at the University of Cambridge’s Department of Engineering. He is also leading research...